Offer to V1 | Promise to V1 | Suggest V-ing | Admit V-ing | Apologize for V-ing.
offered to help, promised to call, suggested going, admitted stealing
denied taking the money
Did he offer to drive you home?
Accuse sb OF V-ing | Congratulate sb ON V-ing | Warn sb AGAINST V-ing.
accused him of stealing, congratulated her on passing, blamed me for breaking
warned us against going out
Did she congratulate you on winning?
| Example / Question | Positive / Short Answer | Negative / Short Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Suggest + V-ing | He suggested watching a movie. | Not: He suggested to watch |
| Accuse + Obj + Of + V-ing | She accused him of lying. | Requires "of + V-ing" |
| Promise + To V1 | He promised to come early. | Requires "to + V1" |
| Rule | Base / Standard Form | Applied Form |
|---|---|---|
| Never Use "Suggest + To V1" Rule | SUGGEST must NEVER be followed by to-infinitive! Use "suggest + V-ing" or "suggest that S + (should) + V1". | suggested going (CORRECT) vs suggested to go (WRONG) |
| Accuse takes OF, Congratulate takes ON Rule | Always memorize fixed preposition pairings: accuse OF, congratulate ON, apologize FOR, blame FOR. | accused of theft / congratulated on winning |
| Deny + V-ing vs Refuse + To V1 | DENY means stating something is not true (+ V-ing). REFUSE means saying no to an offer or request (+ To V1). | denied taking money vs refused to help |
Avoid repeating long dialogues by using precise reporting verbs.
Report social and legal dynamics accurately.
Report group ideas without repeating direct quotes.
1) Suggest + V-ing ("suggest going"), 2) Suggest + Noun ("suggest a restaurant"), 3) Suggest + that + Subject + (should) + Bare V1 ("suggest that he go").
This is the Subjunctive Mood! In subjunctive clauses after suggest/insist/recommend, the verb remains in base form regardless of subject.
Apologize TO someone FOR doing something ("I apologized TO Mary FOR being late").