Verb + -ing functioning as a noun in the sentence.
Swimming is fun, I enjoy reading, Stop talking
Not eating healthy is risky
Do you like swimming?
Always use V-ing after prepositions (in, at, of, about, before, after) and verbs like enjoy, avoid, mind, finish.
interested in learning, good at drawing, finished writing
avoid making mistakes
Are you good at cooking?
| Example / Question | Positive / Short Answer | Negative / Short Answer |
|---|---|---|
| After Verb: enjoy | I enjoy playing tennis. | Not: I enjoy to play tennis |
| After Preposition: good at | She is good at singing. | Not: good at sing |
| As Subject | Cooking is my hobby. | Verb: SINGULAR (is) |
| Rule | Base / Standard Form | Applied Form |
|---|---|---|
| Preposition + V-ing Rule | Any verb following a preposition (in, on, at, about, for, without) MUST be in V-ing form! | thank you for helping me (NOT "thank you for help me") |
Talk about activities or pursuits in general noun terms.
They look identical (-ing), but a Gerund functions as a NOUN ("Swimming is fun"), while a Present Participle functions as a VERB ("He is swimming").