The verb MUST agree with the subject closest to it!
Neither John nor his FRIENDS ARE here • Neither his friends nor JOHN IS here
incorrect verb matching breaks agreement
Is either Mary or her sisters coming?
Either pairs with OR | Neither pairs with NOR.
Either tea or coffee • Neither rain nor shine
either... nor (WRONG!)
Did either John or Peter call?
| Example / Question | Positive / Short Answer | Negative / Short Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Neither A nor B (B = plural) | Neither John nor his brothers WERE there. | Verb agrees with "brothers" (WERE) |
| Neither A nor B (B = singular) | Neither his brothers nor John WAS there. | Verb agrees with "John" (WAS) |
| Either A or B (B = singular) | Either the students or the teacher IS wrong. | Verb agrees with "teacher" (IS) |
| Rule | Base / Standard Form | Applied Form |
|---|---|---|
| Rule of Proximity | When subjects are joined by either...or / neither...nor, the verb MUST agree with the subject CLOSER to the verb! | Neither he nor THEY ARE... vs Neither they nor HE IS... |
| Correlative Pair Matching | NEVER mix the pairs! Either goes with OR. Neither goes with NOR. | Either...OR vs Neither...NOR |
| Formal Singular for "Neither of" | In formal English tests, "Neither of + plural noun" takes a SINGULAR verb. | Neither of the options IS correct. |
Avoid subject-verb agreement errors in academic tests like SAT, IELTS, TOEFL.
Offer two mutually exclusive choices.
Eliminate two potential options in a single structured sentence.
In a question, the auxiliary verb comes FIRST, so it agrees with the FIRST subject: "IS either JOHN or his friends coming?" (John is singular → IS).
Yes! In informal conversation, people often say "Neither of them ARE coming". However, in formal writing and exams, ALWAYS use singular "IS": "Neither of them IS coming".
Yes! E.g., "Either YOU MUST APOLOGIZE, or I WILL REPORT THIS TO THE POLICE."
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